新目标八年级英语下册词汇扩展
八年级下册
Unit 1 Will people have robots? 词汇（1）
人民教育出版社
1. fall v. come or go down from force of weight, loss of balance, etc; drop; become 落下；跌落；变成
示例
The book fell off the shelf. 这本书从架子上掉了下来。
用法
fall用作动词时，主要有两种用法。一种是作为实义动词，可以和介词或副词搭配，表示“落下；跌落”，例如：I fell back in my chair. 我跌坐到自己的椅子上。另一种是作为系动词，与形容词连用，表示进入某种状态，如：fall asleep 入睡（进入睡眠的状态）。fall的动词过去式是fallen。fall用作名词时，表示“落下；降低”，例如：I sat listening to the fall of the rain on the roof. 我坐着听雨点落在屋檐上的声音。fall还可以表示“秋天”，与autumn意思相同。
词汇扩展
常用搭配：fall asleep 入睡 fall behind 落后于（某人或某物）
fall down 跌落 fall in love with 喜爱；爱上
fall off 掉下 fall over 跌落；被绊倒
谚语：He who does not advance falls backward. 不进则退。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄兵必败。
2. alone adv. Without any companions 独自地；孤独地
示例
I don"t like going out alone after dark. 我不愿意天黑后独自外出。
用法
解析along 和lonely：
（1）alone 既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，意思是“独自的（地）；单独的（地）”，侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手。alone和on one"s own，by oneself意思相近。alone用作形容词时，一般与be 动词连用，在句中作表语。例如：She is alone at home. 她独自一人在家。alone 用作副词修饰动词时，放在动词后面作状语。例如：I like to work alone. 我喜欢独自一人工作。alone 用作副词时，也可作定语，意思是“只有；仅仅”，但必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。例如：This year alone, we"ve already planted ten thousand trees. 仅是今年，我们已经载了一万颗树。
（2）lonely只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，也可作表语，表示“孤独的；寂寞的”。该词带有“孤寂”的感情色彩。用作定语时，意思为“孤单的；荒凉的；偏僻的”等。例如：That"s a lonely island. 那是一个荒凉的岛屿。Lonely用作表语时，可以表示“孤寂的；寂寞的”。例如：I was alone but I didn"t feel lonely. 我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。
词汇拓展
常用搭配：let / leave somebody / something alone 不干涉某人或某物；听其自然
let alone 不管；不必考虑
谚语：An evil chance seldom comes alone. 祸不单行
3. dress v. put clothes on yourself or someone else 穿衣
示例
Is she old enough to dress herself yet? 她会自己穿衣服了吗？
用法
dress还可以用作名词，表示“女服；连衣裙；服装”。例如：Mary wore a long red dress last evening. 玛丽昨晚穿了件红色的连衣长裙。
辨析dress，put on 和wear：
（1）用作动词时，dress既可以表动作，也可以表状态，常用人作宾语，意思是“……穿衣服”，例如：She is only a girl of three. She can"t dress herself. 她只是一个三岁的女孩，她还不能自己穿衣服。需要注意的是，在表示“给自己穿衣”时，我们通常说dress oneself (= get dressed)；当dress表示状态时，一般要用be dressed in 结构，例如：She was dressed in a red coat. 她穿着一件红色的上衣。
（2）put on 意思是“穿（戴）上”，强调动作。例如：He put on his coat and went out. 他穿上大衣就出去了。
（3）wear意思是“穿（戴）着”，强调状态。例如：Lucy"s mother often wears a pair of glasses. 露西的母亲常常戴着一副眼镜。
词汇扩展
常用搭配：dress (somebody) up (in something / as somebody or something) 化妆打扮
谚语：Eat to please myself, but dress to please others. 吃是使自己受用，穿是使别人受用。
Unit 1 Will people have robots? 词汇（2）
人民教育出版社
1. unpleasant adj. not pleasant; not enjoyable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
示例
There is an unpleasant smell from this room. 这屋子里散发出一种难闻的气味。
用法
unpleasant可以表示“令人不快的；讨厌的”，例如：I found his manner very unpleasant. 我觉得他的态度讨厌极了。
词汇拓展
相关词：unpleasantly adv. 厌恶地
反义词：pleasant adj. 令人愉快的
记忆导航
unpleasant 是由pleasant 加上否定前缀un-构成的。类似这种构词法的词还有：able有能力的——unable没有能力的；happy高兴的——unhappy不高兴的。
2. hundred n. the number 100; a very large number of things or people （一）百；许多（事物或人）
示例
The tree was probably a hundred years old. 这棵树可能已经有一百年了。
Hundreds of people attended the famous director"s farewell concert. 好几百人出席了这位著名指挥家的告别音乐会。
用法
hundred 用于数词或含有数量意义的词之后，一般不用复数形式，例如：three hundred, a few hundred 等。但当hundred 表示“成百的；许多的”意思时，它面前不用具体数字，而常用hundreds of 结构。注意hundred 在这个结构中要用复数形式，前面可加some，a few，several等词修饰。例如：Her coat cost hundreds of dollars. 她的大衣价值几百美元。类似的搭配还有thousands of数以千计的；许多的，millions of 数以百万计的；无数的。
词汇拓展
谚语：One good head is better than a hundred strong hands. 上百双有力的手，不如一个聪明的头脑。
To hear a hundred times is not so good as to see once. 百闻不如一见。
3. such adj. of the same kind as the thing or person which has already been mentioned 这（那）样的；这（那）种
示例
He noticed her necklace. Such jewels must have cost a lot, he thought. 他注意到了她的项链。他想，这样的首饰肯定价格不菲。
用法
辨析such 和so：
（1）such 是形容词，意思是“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”，修饰名词。例如：I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 我从未见过这么美的地方。需要特别注意的是，such修饰单数可数名词时，应该按照如下词序：such + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词。
（2）so是副词，意思是“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地”，修饰形容词、副词和分词。例如：I have never seen so beautiful a place before. 我从未见过这么美的地方。同样，需要特别注意的是，so修饰单数可数名词时，应该按照如下词序：so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词。此外，当名词前有few，many，little，much等修饰词时，要用so。例如：so many people，so few days，so much time，so little money等。
词汇拓展
常用搭配：such as 例如 such and such 某某；这样那样的
谚语：There"s no such thing as a free lunch. 世上没有免费的午餐。
Unit 1 Will people have robots? 词汇（3）
人民教育出版社
1. in prep. 在……之后（用于将来时）
in 100 years 在一百年后
People will have robots in their homes in 100 years.
一百年以后，人们家中会有机器人。
比较：after 在……之后（用于过去时，表示从过去某时间起一段时间之后）
He will come back in two hours. 他两小时后会回来。
He came back after two hours. 他是两小时后回来的。
2. less, fewer 比较少；more 比较多
less 是little 的比较级，修饰不可数名词
fewer是few的比较级，修饰可数名词
more 是much和many的比较级
much 修饰不可数名词，many修饰可数名词
I have less money than he has. 我的钱比他的少。
There are more building in this city than in that city.
这个城市的楼房比那个城市多。
3. fall in love with ... 爱上……
Last year I visited the art exhibition and fell in love with the work of Picasso.
去年我参观了艺术展，爱上了毕加索的作品。
4. a kind of ... 一种；some kinds of ... 几种
a kind of book 一种书
five kinds of flowers 五种花
many different kinds of goldfish 各种不同的金鱼
（fish 单复数相同，此处是复数）
5. as well as 也；与too 同义
He likes this book and he likes that book, too. / He likes this book as well as that book. 他喜欢这本书，也喜欢那本书。
She can come here, too. / She can come here as well. 她也能来。
6. worth adj. 值……；值得……；相当于……价值
This house is worth $10 000. 这个房子价值一万美元。
be (well) worth doing sth. （很）值得做
That film is (well) worth seeing. 那部电影（很）值得看。
These books are worth reading twice. 这几本书值得看两遍。
7. knock down ... 击倒，撞倒；拆除
knock down the pins 击倒球柱
knock down the machine 拆除机器
knock 组成的词语还有：
knock on (at) the door 敲门
knock into sb. 撞了某人
knock up 叫醒
Unit 1 Will people have robots? 词汇（4）
人民教育出版社
1. prediction n. 预言，预测
predict v. predict + that 后接从句，如
The weather forecast predicts sunshine for tomorrow.
天气预告说明天阳光明媚。
I predict that he will win.
我预测他会赢。
2. paper money
paper n. 纸，纸张，是不可数名词，如a piece of paper。
paper money 中paper是名词做定语，表材质，只用单数。
newspaper n. 报纸，可数名词
3. space n. 表示“宇宙，空间时”，不可数名词；通常前面不用冠词。
There are many stars in outer space.
在太空中有很多恒星。
Travel through space to other planets interests many people.
现在很多人对穿越太空去其他星球旅行感兴趣。
4. besides prep. 除了……还；相当于as well as, in addition to。如：
Besides basketball, he also plays soccer well.
除了打篮球以外，他踢足球也踢得很好。
All of us passed besides John.
除了约翰外，我们也都及格了。
I also went there besides Mary.
除了玛丽我也去了。
Unit 1 Will people have robots? 语言要点
1. --- What do you think Sally will be in five years?
--- I think she"ll be a doctor.
2. --- What do you think life will be like in 100 years?
--- Every home will have a robot.
3. --- Will kids go to school?
--- No, they won"t. They"ll study at home.
4. --- There will be fewer trees.
5. robot, credit card, leisure time, pollution, astronaut, apartment, rockets, space station, moon, fewer, less, fall in love with, World Cup, in the future, the same as, help with
Unit 1 Will people have robots? 学习目标
目标话题 | 表达个人主张和意见 | |
目标功能 | 学会表达对未来的预测和想法 | |
目标结构 | 1. 一般将来时will的用法 People will have robots in their rooms. There will be more population. 2. more, less和fewer用于表示数量的用法 more / fewer + countable nouns more / less + uncountable nouns | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | robot, everything, paper, use, less, fewer, tree, building, space, fly, took, moon, fall, fell, alone, pet, probably, dress, which, even, wrote, myself, interview, future, came, company, thought, unpleasant, scientist, however, hundred, already, made, factory, simple, such, everywhere, human, shape, snake, huge, possible, electric, seem, impossible, housework |
拓展词 | pollution, astronaut, rocket, space, suit, casually, predict, prediction, earthquake, sound, bored, toothbrush | |
认读词 | parrot, fiction, rating | |
词组 | space station, fall in love with, go skating, be able to, come true, hundreds of, in the future, look for | |
目标文化 | 1. 对自己、他人以及环境的未来发展进行预测 2. 了解一些科学常识 | |
目标策略 | 鼓励大胆而合理的预测；按时间顺序描述事件 | |
Unit 2 What should I do? 词汇（1）
人民教育出版社
1. play v. (a CD, CD-player, etc) to produce sound 用（唱片、唱机等）播放
示例
Can you play (me) her latest CD? 给我放放她最新录制的唱片行吗？
用法
play的基本意思是“玩；玩耍；游戏”。例如：Kids are playing in the yard. 孩子们在院子里玩耍。play还可以表示“参加比赛；同某人比赛”，后面接表示球类或棋牌类的名词时，一般不用定冠词。例如：play football / chess / cards 踢足球 / 下国际象棋 / 玩纸牌。当play表示“演奏（乐器或音乐）”，后接表示乐器的名词时，一般要用定冠词。例如：play the violin / the piano / the flute演奏小提琴 / 钢琴 / 笛子。play同时也可以作名词，意思是“游戏；比赛；剧本”等。例如：She is in a play about a famous singer. 她在一出表现一位著名歌唱家的剧中担任角色。
词汇拓展
常用搭配：play with 和……玩耍
play a joke on somebody 开某人的玩笑
play an important part in 在……起重要作用
谚语：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy; all play and no work makes Jack a mere boy. 只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子要变傻；尽玩耍，不学习，聪明孩子没出息。
He who plays with fire gets burned. 玩火者必自焚。
Lookers-on see more than players. 旁观者清。
相关词：player n. 做游戏的人；参赛者；表演者
playground n. 运动场；操场
playtime n. 游戏时间；娱乐时间
playmate n. 玩伴
2. surprise v. cause (somebody) to feel surprised 使（某人）吃惊
示例
Would it surprise you to know that I"m thinking of resigning? 我正考虑辞职，你感到意外吗？
用法
surprise用作动词，是及物动词，意思是“使惊讶”。如果需要突出受惊吓的对象时，通常用“be surprised”结构。例如：She was surprised (by the man"s experience). （那男人的经历使）她很吃惊。surprise还可以用作名词，意思是“惊讶；吃惊”。例如：I didn"t know my parents were coming --- it was a lovely surprise. 我不知道父母要来真是个惊喜。
词汇拓展
相关词：surprising adj. 令人惊讶的
surprisingly adv. 令人惊讶地
surprised adj. 感到惊讶的
3. either adj. one or the other of two 两方中的任一方的；两方中的每一方的
示例
You can park on either side of the street. 在街道的哪边停车都可以。
用法
either在句中的成分比较灵活，可作主语、宾语或定语。例如：Either of the films is good. （作主语）两部电影中哪部都不错。He wrote to either of them. （作宾语）他给他们中的一个人写了信。Either teacher often answers the questions. （作定语）这两个老师都常常解答问题。either还可以表示“也不”，常用于否定句。例如：I don"t like the yellow shirt, and I don"t like the green one, either. 我既不喜欢这件黄色的衬衫，也不喜欢那件绿色的。常用的句型是：either ... or ...， 意思是“要么……要么……；不是……就是……”，例如：Either he could not come or he didn"t want to. 他要么是不能来，要么是不想来。
Unit 2 What should I do? 词汇（2）
人民教育出版社
1. fit v. be in agreement with (something); match or suit 与（某事物）相符；适合；适应
示例
This dress fits you very well. 这件裙子你穿很合适。
用法
fit用作动词时，意思是“适合；适应；合身”。例如：I think it"ll fit me quite well before long. 我想它很快就会合身的。fit用作形容词时，意思是“适合的；能胜任的；健康的”，例如：The children seem to think that I"m only fit for cooking and washing. 孩子们似乎认为我只适合洗衣做饭。He keeps himself fit by running five miles every day. 他每天跑5英里以保持身体健康。
词汇拓展
常用搭配：be fit for ... 适合于……
fit somebody / something for ... 使……适合……
keep fit 保持健康
谚语：Every shoe fits not every foot. 不能以己度人。
2. send v. to arrange for something to go or be taken to another place, especially by post 发送；寄
示例
My aunt sent me a birthday gift from America. 我姑姑从美国给我寄来一份生日礼物。
用法
send是一个及物动词，后面可以接双宾语，可以用send somebody something或send something to somebody的结构。例如：We sent him a letter. / We went a letter to him. 我们给他寄了一封信。
词汇拓展
常用搭配：send for 派人去请 send out 发出；分派
谚语：God sends fortune to fools. 傻人有傻福。
相关词：sender n. 发送人；投递人
Unit 2 What should I do? 语言要点
1. --- What"s wrong?
--- My brother plays his CD too loud.
2. --- What should I do?
--- Why don"t you talk to him about it?
3. You should write him a letter.
4. --- Maybe he should say he"s sorry.
--- They shouldn"t argue.
5. argue, out of style, on the phone, summer camp, a part-time job, original, inexpensive, colorful, popular, upset, get on well, pressure
Unit 2 What should I do? 学习目标
目标话题 | 提建议 | |
目标功能 | 谈论问题，提出建议 | |
目标结构 | 1. 情态动词could / should 的用法 You could write him a letter. Then I think you should get a part-time job. 2. 用Why don"t you ...? 结构提出建议 A: My brother plays his CD too loud. What should I do? B: Why don"t you talk to him about it? | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | play, loud, argue, wrong, could, should, ticket, surprise, okay, either, bake, except, fail, get on, football, until, fit, possible, include, send, compare, crazy, themselves |
拓展词 | style, part-time, haircut, upset, complain, adult | |
认读词 | tutor, original, pressure, pushy, organized | |
词组 | keep out, call somebody up, on the phone, what"s wrong, what"s the matter, pay for, out of style, in style, the same as, as ... as, all kinds of, on the one hand, on the other hand | |
目标文化 | 1. 注意在不同的文化背景中如何恰当表达赞同或不赞同的观点 2. 注意心理健康问题 | |
目标策略 | 听懂关键信息；合作学习 | |
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 词汇（1）
人民教育出版社
1. land v. go, come from a ship, aircraft, etc. 靠岸；登陆
示例
The bird landed gracefully on the water. 小鸟优雅地停在水面上。
用法点击
land 用作动词时，后面可接on，in，at等介词表示具体时间或地点。例如：The plane landed safely at Tianhe Airport at 2 pm. 飞机于下午2点安全降落在天河机场。land 还可用作名词，意思是“土地；陆地”。例如：She is glad to be on land again. 她很高兴重登陆地。
词汇拓展
谚语：Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle. 随遇而安。
相关词：mainland n. 大陆 motherland n. 祖国
homeland n. 祖国；家乡 landlady n. 女房东；老板娘
landlord n. 房东；地主 landmark n. 地标；里程碑
landslide n. 山崩 landscape n. 风景；地形
2. while conj. During the time that; at the same time as 当……时候；和……同时
示例
He was so tired that he fell asleep while he was doing his homework. 他是如此地疲倦以致于在写作业时睡着了。
用法点击
while 用作连词时，意思是“当……的时候”，表示两个动作相伴随而发生。例如：While she was typing, her brother was playing with a ball. 当她在打字时，她弟弟正在玩球。while 还可以用于对同类的两个动作进行对比，意思是“而”。例如：You like sports while I like reading. 你喜欢运动而我喜欢读书。while 用作名词时，意思是“一会儿”。例如：After a while, there came a strange noise. 过了一会儿，传来一种奇怪的声音。
3. around prep. & adv. about; not far away (in place or time) 大约；在……周围
示例
The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。
用法点击
around 既可以用作介词，也可以用作副词，意义上差别不大。如：He asked me to come here around the o"clock. 他要我10点左右来。（用作介词）She turned around at such a noise. 听到这样的吵闹声，她回头看了看。（用作副词）
辨析round 和around：
around 与round 通常可以互换，只不过美式英语常用around，而英式英语常用round，例如：You can see the post office round / around that corner. 在那个角落附近你就可以看到邮局。它们的不同之处是：round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词；而around只能用作副词或介词。例如：He has a round face. 他有一张圆圆的脸。（用作形容词）The river rounded the stones. 河水使石头成了圆形。（用作动词）
词汇拓展
常用搭配：walk around 到处走
turn around 转身（转头）
look around 环顾四周；东张西望
around the world 环球
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 词汇（2）
人民教育出版社
1. follow v. to go, walk, drive, etc. behind or after (someone else) 追随；跟随
示例
You go first and I"ll follow you. 你先走，我随后就来。
用法点击
follow 常用的意思是“跟随”。译成汉语时要根据语境选用适当的词义，例如：He followed me into the shop. 他跟着我进了商店。Winter follows autumn. 冬去春来。You speak so fast that I cannot follow you. 你讲得这么快，我都没听懂。（此句中follow = understand）
词汇拓展
谚语：Pain is forgotten where gain follows. 好了伤疤忘了痛。
相关词：follower n. 拥护者；追随者
following n. & adj. & prep 接着（的）；下述（的）
2. shout v. speak or cry in a loud voice 呼喊；呼叫
示例
It"s not polite to shout to people. 对人大声说话是很不礼貌的。
用法点击
shout 用作动词时，表示喊叫，后可接介词at，例如：She shouted at me but I paid no attention. 她冲着我嚷，但我一点儿也不予理睬。shout还可用作名词，意思是“呼喊；叫喊声”。例如：a shout of anger / pain气愤/痛苦的叫喊
词汇拓展
常用搭配：shout at somebody 对着某人喊叫
shout somebody down 用喊叫声盖过某人的声音
shout something out 大声说出
3. happen v. take place; come out 发生
示例
How did the accident happen? 事故是怎么发生的？
用法点击
happen 还可以接动词不定式（happen to do），表示“碰巧”的意思。例如：I happened to meet my primary school teacher in the street. 我碰巧在街上遇见了我的小学老师。
辨析happen 和take place：
（1）两者都表示“发生”，happen表示偶然的没有预料到的事情的发生，而take place 表示必然发生或经过布置、策划后进行的事情。例如：An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。Great changes took place last year in my hometown. 去年我的家乡发生了很大的变化。
（2）两者都是短暂动词，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：This happened / took place a year ago.（不能用for one year）这是一年前发生的。
（3）表示某人发生了什么事情要用something happen (s) to somebody，而不用take place。例如：What happened to her? 她出什么事了？
词汇拓展
谚语：Accidents will happen. 天有不测风云。
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 学习目标
目标话题 | 有趣的故事 | |
目标功能 | 讲述过去正在发生的事情 | |
目标结构 | 1. 过去进行时的结构和用法 What were you doing at nine last Sunday morning? I was helping my mom do the cooking at six yesterday evening. 2. 由when / while引导的时间状语从句 She was walking down the street when the UFO landed. While the girl was shopping, the alien got out. | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | bathroom, bedroom, kitchen, buy, land, got, shirt, while, expensive, around, strange, follow, kid, cut, climb, jump, shout, ride, cat, ran, anywhere, met, happen, accident, plane, hear, modern, kill, murder, bright, playground, bell, ring, tell, close, silence, meaning, become, earth, hero, fly |
拓展词 | barber, scared, recent, destroy, flight, amazing | |
认读词 | UFO, alien, terrorist, tragedy | |
词组 | get out, take off, run away, come in, hear about, take place, as ... as ... | |
目标文化 | 培养科学探索精神 | |
目标策略 | 正确理解上下文的语境；通过角色扮演来学习语言 | |
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 词汇（1）
人民教育出版社
1. ever adj. at any time up to the present; at all times 曾经；永远
示例
Have you ever been to Sydney? It"s really a fantastic place. 你去过悉尼吗？那的确是个好地方。
用法点击
ever在疑问句中的意思是“曾经；在这以前”，常用于现在完成时。例如：Have you ever been to Tibet? 你曾经去过西藏吗？ever在否定句中意思是“至今；不曾”。例如：I haven"t ever read this book. 我至今未曾读过这本书。
词汇拓展
常用搭配：for ever 永远 ever more 永远 ever since 自从
Yours ever（可用于非正式书信署名前）你永远的（朋友）
2. own adj. to give emphasis to the idea of personal possession 自己的
示例
I saw it with my own eyes, believe me! 我亲眼看见的，相信我吧！
用法点击
own 既可以作形容词和代词，意思是“自己的”，也可以作动词，意思是“拥有”。例如：This car is mine. I own it. 这辆车是我的，我拥有它。（用作动词）That"s her own idea. 那是她自己的主意。（用作形容词）Your day off is your own. 你的假日归你自己支配。（用作代词）
词汇拓展
常用搭配：on one"s won 单独；独自
谚语：It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest. 家丑不可外扬。
To pay a person in his own way. 以其人之道还治其人之身。
相关词：owner n. 所有人；拥有者
3. suppose v. take it as a fact that; think 假定；认为
示例
Let us suppose that the news is true. What shall we do then? 就让我们假设这个消息是真的，那么我们下一步该怎么办呢？
用法点击
suppose 常用于“be supposed to do”这一结构，表示“被期望或要求；应该；被许可”。例如：We are not supposed to play football on Sundays. 我们在星期天不允许踢球。suppose 和think，believe等词一样，如果后面接宾语从句并进行否定时，一般要在主句中的谓语动词前加否定词，也就是我们常说的“否定前置”。例如：I don"t suppose he will be here on time. 我认为他不会准时到的。suppose还常用于句首，用来引导条件句。例如：Suppose you are free, what would you like to do? 假如你有空，你想做什么？“I suppose”这一结构可做插入语，在句中位置较为灵活。例如：Prices will go up, I suppose. / I suppose prices will go up. / Prices, I suppose, will go up. 我觉得物价要上涨。
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 词汇（2）
人民教育出版社
1. decision n. a choice or judgment that you make after period of discussion or thought 决定；判断
示例
Have they reached a decision yet? 他们是否已经有所决定？
用法点击
与decision常连用的动词是take 或make，例如：He is really bad at making decisions. 他确实不善决策。如果要强调在经过协商后做出的决定，可用reach / come to a decision 这一结构，例如：We must come to a decision by tomorrow about what to do next. 我们最晚明天必须做出决定，确定下一步做什么。
词汇拓展
相关词：decide v. 决定 decided adj. 确定的；坚决的
decisive adj. 决定性的
2. influence n. the power to affect the way someone or something develops, behaves, or thinks without using direct force or orders 影响；影响力
示例
Parents have been worried about the influence of western films and TV programs. 家长已经开始担心西方的影视剧带来的不良影响。
用法点击
influence 既可用作名词又可用作动词。作名词时，常与on / over 连用。例如：What is the influence of television on children? 电视对儿童有什么影响？（用作名词）Don"t let me influence you either way. 你做任何决定都别受我的影响。（用作动词）
3. danger n. the possibility that someone or something will be harmed, destroyed, or killed 危险
示例
Children"s lives are in danger every time they cross this road. 孩子们每次过这条马路都冒着生命危险。
用法点击
danger用作名词，可以表示“危险；危险的人或事”。例如：In war, a soldier"s life is always full of danger. 在战争中士兵的生命总是处于危险之中。danger还常用在in danger 或out of danger 结构中，表示“处在危险之中”或“脱离危险”。例如：I don"t want to put you in danger. 我不想让你身陷危险之中。The patient is now out of danger. 病人已经脱离危险了。
词汇拓展
常用搭配：in danger (of) 处于危险或困境之中
out of danger 脱离危险
谚语：A common danger causes common action. 同仇敌忾
Fear is often greater than the danger. 杞人忧天。
相关词：dangerous adj. 有危险的；不安全的
Unit 4 He said I was hard-workding. 学习目标
目标话题 | 讲故事 | |
目标功能 | 转述他人的话 | |
目标结构 | 1. 间接引语 He said I was hard-working. 2. 用can 表示能力 I can speak three languages. | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | ever, message, suppose, nervous, worst, true, lucky, copy, own, village, area, meter, thin, eat, decision, husband, start, influence, hometown, danger |
拓展词 | mad, anymore, snack, hard-working, grandpa, envelop, luckily, semester, disappointing, hers, graduate, volunteer, rural, fortunately, dormitory, senior, border | |
认读词 | Greenpeace, UNICEF (= United Nations International Children"s Emergency Fund), WWF (= World Wildlife Fund) | |
词组 | direct speech, reported speech, first of all, pass on, be supposed to, do well in, in good health, report card, get over, the Ministry of Education, Chinese Young Pioneers, sea level, open up, care for | |
目标文化 | 1. 了解美国青少年的一些课外生活 2. 了解美国学生成绩单的形式和内容 | |
目标策略 | 听懂关键词；积极开展自我评价 | |
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you will have a great time! 学习目标
目标话题 | 做决定 | |
目标功能 | 谈论将来十分可能的事情 | |
目标结构 | 1. 由if引导的条件状语从句，描述将来可能发生或不会发生的事情 If it is fine tomorrow, we will go on a picnic. If the weather does not clear, we won"t go for a walk. 2. 情态动词should，用于提出要求或建议 You should ask them to come here on time. | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | jeans, organize, cousin, agent, chance, charity, dream, injured, flower, against, sincerely, lawyer, tonight, mobile, clean-up |
拓展词 | organization, nephew, agency | |
认读词 | professional, dining room, consequence, explain, strategy, improve, following | |
词组 | take away, around the world, all the time, in order to, make a living | |
目标文化 | 美国人如何开派对 | |
目标策略 | 快速阅读；根据条件推断结果 | |
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 学习目标
人民教育出版社
目标话题 | 兴趣爱好 | |
目标功能 | 谈论做某事的持续时间 | |
目标结构 | 用have / has + been doing 构成现在完成进行时 A: How long have you been skating? B: I"ve been skating since nine o"clock. A: How long have you been collecting cans? B: I"ve been doing that for two years. | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | collect, skate, pair, since, raise, several, stamp, kite, anyone, store, cake, coin, been, capital, European, Russian, Australian, thousand, foreigner, quite, certain, miss |
拓展词 | skater, shell, monster, globe, collector, common, extra, topic, writer, the Olympic Games, particularly | |
认读词 | marathon, Jewish, Jew | |
词组 | run out of, by the way, be interested in, more than, far away | |
目标文化 | 奥林匹克的由来 | |
目标策略 | 合作学习；略读技巧 | |
Unit 1 How do you study for a test? 学习目标
人民教育出版社
目标话题 | 学习方法 | |
目标功能 | 1. 联系实际描述自己学习英语的方法 2. 能运用verb + by + v-ing 结构谈论怎样学习并提供建议 | |
目标结构 | 1. 用verb + by + v-ing 结构表述自己或他人的行为方式 A: How do you study for a test? B: Well, I study by working with my classmates. 2. 用What about ...? 和Why don"t you ...? 结构提出建议 What about listening to tapes? Why don"t you read aloud to practice pronunciation? | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | aloud, pronunciation, grammar, pronounce, mistake, afraid, complete, sentence, term, trouble, fast, soft, deal, unless, regard, duty, influence, friendship, lose, soldier |
拓展词 | specific, spoken, challenge, realize, secret, impress, essay, unfair, speaker, disagreement, adult, memorize | |
认读词 | flashcard, vocabulary, differently, frustrate, frustrating, quickly, excited, slowly, comma, solution, learner, solve, easily, unimportant, psychologist | |
词组 | not at all, end up, make mistakes, later on, be afraid to, take notes, look up, make up, deal with, be angry with, go by, try one"s best, break off, laugh at | |
目标文化 | 了解美国设置中学的一些基本情况 | |
目标策略 | 鼓励联系实际的个性化的学习方式，并交流学习体会。 | |
Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark. 学习目标
人民教育出版社
目标话题 | 自己或他人的过去 | |
目标功能 | 能用所学句型谈论过去的人和事 | |
目标结构 | 用used to + 动词原形结构表示过去与现在的不用 You used to have long hair. You used to be outgoing, don"t you? A: Did you use to have straight hair? B: Yes, I did. A: Did you use to play the piano? B: No, I didn"t. | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | airplane, candy, daily, death, afford, cause, himself, patient, decision, necessary, attention, waste |
拓展词 | terrify, insect, chat | |
认读词 | chew, gum, comic, exactly | |
词组 | used to, be interested in, be terrified of, go to sleep, in the end, make a decision, head teacher, to one"s surprise, even though, no longer, take pride in, pay attention to, give up, not ... any more | |
目标文化 | 了解国外中学生学校生活的一些基本特点 | |
目标策略 | 培养积极健康的心态，并学会通过对比谈论事物的发展和变化。 | |
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 学习目标
目标话题 | 规章制度 | |
目标功能 | 1. 谈论允许和不允许做的事情 2. 表达同意或者不同意并给出理由 | |
目标结构 | 用should (not) + be allowed to 谈论允许和不允许 A: I think students should be allowed to do homework with friends. B: I disagree. They talk instead of doing homework. A: Sixteen-year-olds should not be allowed to drive. B: I agree. They aren"t serious enough at that age. | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | license, silly, instead, study, present, member, sleepy, reply, importance, succeed, point |
拓展词 | pierce, concentrate, design, volunteer, local, mess, obey, achieve | |
认读词 | earring, opportunity, newsletter, realistic | |
词组 | instead of, stay up, concentrate on, at present, get in the way, care about | |
目标文化 | 了解美国学校的学生行为规范 | |
目标策略 | 1. 学会听取要点 2. 了解和反思日常行为规范 | |
Unit 4 What would you do? 学习目标
人民教育出版社
目标话题 | 有趣的或令人为难的事 | |
目标功能 | 谈论假设的或虚拟的情况 | |
目标结构 | 1. 用虚拟语气来提出假设及用should来征询意见 What would you do if you won a million dollars? I can"t sleep the night before an exam. What should I do? 2. 用虚拟语气和should来为他人提供建议 If I were you, I would take a long walk before going to bed. You should drink more water. | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | medical, research, tie, worry, exam, herself, fairly, plenty, circle, rest, shelf, cover, deep, downstairs, correct, burn, knee, pain, hurt, safety, offer, refuse, helpful, treat |
拓展词 | million, energetic, confident, permission, bother, slight, annoy, represent, aid, nearby, press | |
认读词 | pimple, first-aid | |
词组 | plenty of, get along with, let ... down, come up with, come out | |
目标文化 | 了解一些心理个性测量方面的知识 | |
目标策略 | 1. 能根据情景想象进行发散性思维 2. 注意表达的逻辑性 | |
Unit 5 It must belong to Carla. 学习目标
目标话题 | 物品归属 | |
目标功能 | 能根据提供的相关信息进行合理的推论 | |
目标结构 | 使用must，might，could，can"t 进行推论 The volleyball must be Carla"s. She is the only one who plays volleyball. It can"t be Tom. He went to Guangzhou just now. She might / could be having lunch at the school canteen. It is lunch time. | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | picnic, possibly, drop, count, final, owner, sky, catch, unhappy, interview, noise, wind, neighbor, director, monkey, smell, finger, lift, stone, ant, dishonest |
拓展词 | belong, author, symphony, appointment, algebra, anxious, worried, creature, extremely, garbage, escape, bark, pretend, attempt | |
认读词 | optometrist, chase, footstep, mystery | |
词组 | belong to, use up | |
目标文化 | 了解弗洛伊德的《梦的解析》 | |
目标策略 | 1. 学会根据相关的信息进行推论 2. 学会根据一定的背景或前提进行预测或续写 | |
Unit 6 I like music that I can dance to. 学习目标
人民教育出版社
目标话题 | 音乐 | |
目标功能 | 能流畅地谈论自己的喜好 | |
目标结构 | that和who 引导的定语从句 I prefer music that I can sing along with. The man who is talking to my mother is my teacher. | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | heart, fisherman, photograph, interest, class, okay, whatever, miss, energy, honest, expect, sweet, taste, itself, laboratory, cancer, increase, risk, main, care |
拓展词 | prefer, gentle, dislike, remind, string, sink, entertainment, gallery, photographer, suit, type, barbecue, biscuit, shock | |
认读词 | lyric, latest, feature, photography, display, pro, con, actually, fry, mainly, exclamation, tag, contraction | |
词组 | to be honest, be bad for, stay away from, in agreement, remind of, on display | |
目标文化 | 了解一些音乐类型 | |
目标策略 | 分类汇总，角色扮演，阐述观点。 | |
Unit 7 Where would you like to visit? 学习目标
人民教育出版社
目标话题 | 度假 | |
目标功能 | 讨论想去旅游的地方，并学会介绍旅游景点。 | |
目标结构 | 1. 用would like to和hope to来表达愿望 I"d like to visit somewhere interesting. I hope to travel around the world. Where would you like to visit this winter vacation? 2. 由where引导的定语从句 He likes to visit the village where he can see beautiful trees. | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | educational, fall, lively, church, wine, translate, light, wonderful, provide |
拓展词 | tiring, peaceful, fascinating, consider, convenient, underground, general, pack, spot | |
认读词 | thrilling, trek, jungle, touristy, firm, spotlight | |
词组 | take it easy, in general, provide with, as soon as possible, come true | |
目标文化 | 了解世界各地的一些名胜古迹 | |
目标策略 | 角色扮演 | |
Unit 8 I"ll help clean up the city parks. 学习目标
目标话题 | 志愿者服务 | |
目标功能 | 提供帮助 | |
目标结构 | 掌握动词短语： put off, hand out, call up, give away, run out of, clean up, take after, cheer up, set up, fix up, give out | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | advertisement, fix, repair, pleasure, blind, deaf, shut, carry, specially, fetch |
拓展词 | hunger, homeless, sign, cheer, major, similar, disabled, unable, organization, support, appreciate | |
认读词 | clean-up, establish, commitment, elementary, veterinarian, coach, strategy, donation, donate | |
词组 | clean up, give out, put off, set up, think up, take after, fix up, give away, put up, hand out, work out, at once | |
目标文化 | 了解志愿者服务 | |
目标策略 | 1. 学会做规划。 2. 学会关注社会、关心他人。 | |
Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. 学习目标
目标话题 | 令人尴尬或令人难忘的事情 | |
目标功能 | 讲述过去发生的事情 | |
目标结构 | 过去完成时（The Past Perfect Tense）的用法 A: What happened? B: I overslept. And by the time I got up, my brother had already gotten into the shower. | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | rush, lock, fool, empty, describe, farmer, marry |
拓展词 | oversleep, relative, exhausted, reveal, ending, girlfriend | |
认读词 | costume, embarrassed, announce, Mars, panic, authority, hoax, spaghetti, thrill, embarrassing | |
词组 | by the time, go off, run off, on time, break down, show up, set off, get married, a piece of | |
目标文化 | 了解愚人节（April Fool"s Day） | |
目标策略 | 学会给事情排序、分类。 | |
Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? 学习目标
目标话题 | 社交礼仪 | |
目标功能 | 1. 礼貌地向他人询问信息 2. 描述地理位置，给他人指路或提供帮助 | |
目标结构 | 1. 用Could you please ...? 礼貌地向他人询问 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? 2. where，how和if引导的宾语从句 Excuse me. Do you know where I can exchange money? Could you tell me how to get to the post office? Could you please tell me if there are any good museums in Newtown? | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | restroom, safe, market, lend, park, wonder, trouble |
拓展词 | department, magic, fresh, staff, alright, offend, structure | |
认读词 | shampoo, drugstore, escalator, block, oak, uncrowded, slide | |
词组 | hang out, water slide, dress up, hand in | |
目标文化 | 了解习惯表达方式所传递的礼仪信息 | |
目标策略 | 1. 学会合作与交流 2. 初步了解语言表达中的礼仪 | |
Unit 12 You"re supposed to shake hands. 学习目标
目标话题 | 风俗习惯 | |
目标功能 | 1. 描述自己或他人在不用场合应该做什么 2. 讨论不同国家的风俗习惯，如初次见面的礼仪、餐桌礼仪等。 | |
目标结构 | 1. 用be supposed to表示被期待或被要求做某事 You were supposed to arrive at 7: 00. In Peru, you are not supposed to talk at the table. 2. 用should 表示应该做某事 You should wipe your mouth with your napkin every time you take a drink. | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | kiss, relaxed, land, pick, stick, point, full, spoon, knife, rubbish, form, mark, feeling, beside, e-mail, riddle, experiment, please, normally, seat, whose |
拓展词 | shake, custom, bow, wipe, rude, manner, fork, toast, unfamiliar, crowd, seek, online, type, mostly, symbol, pronunciation, proper, queue | |
认读词 | napkin, lap, elbow, gradually, occur, particular compliment, chatline, emotion | |
词组 | shake hands, drop by, after all, pick up, make noise, be / get used to, learn ... by oneself | |
目标文化 | 了解各国风俗文化差异 | |
目标策略 | 1. 学会合作与交流 2. 学会比较不同文化的差异 | |
Unit 13 Rainy days make me sad. 学习目标
目标话题 | 情感态度 | |
目标功能 | 1. 谈论事物对自己或别人的影响 2. 学会比较、选择对自己有影响的事物，并正确处理一些实际问题。 | |
目标结构 | 1. 用make somebody + adj. 表达“使某人……” Rainy days make me sad. Waiting for him in the rain made me annoyed. 2. 用make somebody do something 句型表示使某人做某事 Sad movies always make me cry. Had seats in fast-food restaurants make people eat fast and leave. | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | scientific, pink, hard, serve, fair, shiny, list, lead, truth, schoolbag, purple, thought, count |
拓展词 | therefore, lighting skin, product, beauty, advertising, aim, confuse, guilty, taste | |
认读词 | lagoon, campaign, endangered, slogan, mysterious, lookout, stardust, specifically, instance, mislead, home-made | |
词组 | keep out, pros and cons, aim at, for instance, to start with | |
目标文化 | 了解广告英语 | |
目标策略 | 通过英文广告词、海报等学习英语。 | |
Unit 14 Have you packed yet? 学习目标
目标话题 | 旅行度假 | |
目标功能 | 1. 谈论或询问最近已经发生的事情 2. 了解外出旅行前的各种准备工作 | |
目标结构 | 用现在完成时来谈论或询问最近发生的事情 A: Have you packed the camera yet? B: No. I haven"t packed it yet. Yes. I"ve already put it in my suitcase. | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | towel, water, wood, light, well, farm, anyway, ocean, hit, appear, poem, turn, government, thousands, southern, villager, strongly, purpose, step, forward |
拓展词 | bathing, suit, refrigerator, garage, suitcase, wave, scene, cupboard, ancestor, homeland | |
认读词 | guidebook, chop, root, overseas | |
词组 | clean out, some day, be off, so far, go for walks, thanks to, look forward to | |
目标文化 | 介绍美国中学生如何帮父母做家务，进行中西文化的比较。 | |
目标策略 | 1. 制作旅行所需物品的清单 2. 学会反思与调整计划 | |
Unit 15 We are trying to save the manatees! 学习目标
目标话题 | 动物和环境保护 | |
目标功能 | 能够运用所学的知识，谈论如何拯救濒危动物和如何保护环境等，并针对某一问题展开辩论。 | |
目标结构 | 1. 复习各种时态 2. 用动词think，believe，agree，disagree等来表达自己的观点 I think that animals should not live in zoos. I disagree with you. I feel that zoos provide clean and safe places for endangered animals to live. | |
目标词汇 | 核心词 | weigh, pound, discover, pull, planet, society, spare, model, raise |
拓展词 | aggressive, gray, suitable, tiny, cage, educate, expression, recycle, glue, roof, fence, can | |
认读词 | manatee, furry, enormous, playful, spotted, kangaroo, chimpanzee, cheetah, mangrove, swamp, habitat, aquatic, underwater, vegetation, polluted, infinitive, passive, disgusted, urge, stuff, tile, discard, recently, inspiration | |
词组 | care for | |
目标文化 | 了解有关濒临灭绝的动物的一些知识 | |
目标策略 | 学会通过各种媒体搜索信息，并学会分类。 | |